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Betsy Ross
Elizabeth Phoebe "Betsy" Ross (January 1, 1752 – January 30, 1836), née Griscom,〔Addie Guthrie Weaver, ''"The Story of Our Flag..."'', 2nd Edition, A. G. Weaver, publ., 1898, p. 73〕 also known by her second and third married names, Ashburn and Claypoole,〔 is widely credited with making the first American flag purportedly in 1776, according to family tradition, upon a visit from General George Washington, commander-in-chief of the Continental Army, and changing the shape of the stars he had sketched for the flag from six-pointed to five-pointed by demonstrating on the spot that it was not difficult to cut the latter.〔"(5-Pointed Star in One Snip ) (8/19/2015)"〕〔Miller, 176〕〔Gene Langley, "The legend and truth of Betsy Ross" ''The Christian Science Monitor'' 94.141 (6/14/2002): 22.〕〔Lucinda Snyder Whitehurst, "Review of ''"The Life and Times of Betsy Ross"'' and ''"The Life and Times of Nathan Hale"''," ''"School Library Journal"'', vol. 53.7 (July 2007).〕 However, there is no archival evidence or other recorded verbal tradition to substantiate this story of the first American flag, and it appears that the story first surfaced in the writings of her grandson in the 1870s (a century after the fact), with no mention or documentation in earlier decades.〔Marc Leepson, "(Five myths about the American flag )", ''"The Washington Post"'', June 12, 2011, p. B2.〕
==Early life and family==
Betsy Ross was born on January 1, 1752 to Samuel Griscom (1717–93) and Rebecca James Griscom (1721–93) on a farm in West Jersey, Pennsylvania, who moved to Philadelphia two years later. Betsy was the eighth of seventeen children, of whom only nine survived childhood. A sister, Sarah (1745–47), and brother, William (1748–49), died before Elizabeth ("Betsy") was born (another sister, Sarah Griscom Donaldson (1749–85), was named after the earlier deceased Sarah). Betsy was just five years old when her sister Martha (1754–57) died, and another sister, Ann (1757–59), only lived to the age of 2. Betsy also lost brothers Samuel I (1753–56) and Samuel II (1758–61), who both died at age three. Two others, twins, brother Joseph (1759–62) and sister Abigail (1759–62), died in one of the frequent smallpox epidemics in the autumn of 1762.〔Marla Miller, Betsy Ross and the Making of America, p. 45.〕 She grew up in a household where the plain dress and strict discipline of the Society of Friends dominated her life.〔William C. Kashatus, "Seamstress for a Revolution," in ''American History'', vol. 37.3, (August 2002).〕 She learned to sew from great-aunt Sarah Elizabeth Ann Griscom.〔 Her great-grandfather, Andrew Griscom, a member of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) and a carpenter, had emigrated in 1680 from England.〔
After her schooling at a Quaker-run public school, her father apprenticed her to an upholsterer named William Webster.〔Kashatus, William C. ushistory.org, June 2005, "(Seamstress for a Revolution )". Accessed 2 February 2010.〕 At this job, she fell in love with fellow apprentice John Ross (nephew of George Ross Jr, signer of the Declaration of Independence), who was the son of the Rev. Aeneas Ross (and his wife Sarah Leach), an Anglican (later Episcopal) priest and assistant rector at the historic city parish of Christ Church. The young couple eloped in 1773 when she was age 21, marrying at Hugg's Tavern in Gloucester City, New Jersey.〔(Betsy Ross ) at (History Resource Center ), by George H. Genzmer. Website accessed 1 June 2009〕 The marriage caused a split from her Griscom family and meant her expulsion from the Quaker congregation. The young couple soon started their own upholstery business and later joined Christ Church, where their fellow congregants occasionally included visiting Virginia colonial militia regimental commander, Colonel, and soon-to-be-General George Washington (of the newly organized Continental Army) and his family from their home Anglican parish of Christ Church in Alexandria, Virginia, near his Mount Vernon estate on the Potomac River, along with many other visiting notaries and delegates in future years to the soon-to-be-convened Continental Congress and the political/military leadership of the colonial rebellion.〔 Betsy and John Ross had no children.〔〔
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